Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Sequential Extraction of Soluble and Insoluble Alpha-Synuclein from Parkinsonian Brains
Published on: January 5, 2016
α-Synuclein fate: proteasome or autophagy?
1Department of Pharmacology, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Medical Research, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. simone@tx.technion.ac.il
Abstract:
The accumulation of α-synuclein is critical for the development of Parkinson disease (PD), and unraveling the mechanisms that regulate α-synuclein levels is key to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. We recently found that USP9X deubiquitinates α-synuclein, and that this process determines the partition of α-synuclein between the proteasomal and autophagy pathways. By manipulating USP9X levels, we observed that monoubiquitinated α-synuclein is degraded by the proteasome, whereas deubiquitination of α-synuclein favors its degradation by autophagy. As USP9X levels and activity are decreased in α-synucleinopathy brains, USP9X may now represent a novel target for PD.
More Related Videos
10:03Studying Pre-formed Fibril Induced α-Synuclein Accumulation in Primary Embryonic Mouse Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Published on: August 16, 2020
09:16Exogenous Administration of Microsomes-associated Alpha-synuclein Aggregates to Primary Neurons As a Powerful Cell Model of Fibrils Formation
Published on: June 26, 2018
Related Concept Videos
The Proteasome
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
The Proteasome
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
Autophagy
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
The Proteasome Structure
The proteasome is an...