Semiology of skin toxicity associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Dermatology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Targeted cancer therapies, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, are increasingly used in cancer management.
• Unlike traditional chemotherapy, EGFR inhibitors offer advantages like reduced nausea and hematological toxicity.
• However, these targeted therapies commonly induce distinct dermatologic side effects, impacting patient quality of life and treatment compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the dermatologic side effects associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors.
• To raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding these specific toxicities.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing these side effects for optimal patient care.

Main Methods:

• Review of dermatologic side effects triggered by EGFR inhibitors.
• Categorization of side effects based on their affected target.
• Discussion of the timing and frequency of each side effect category.

Main Results:

• EGFR inhibitor-associated folliculitis: an early-stage, frequent inflammatory condition targeting the pilo-sebaceous follicle.
• Alterations in the skin barrier: leading to xerosis, fissures, and pruritus, typically occurring later and frequently.
• Lesions of skin appendages: including paronychia, pyogenic granuloma, and hair changes, which are less frequent and appear later.

Conclusions:

• Dermatologic side effects from EGFR inhibitors are common and can be debilitating.
• Awareness and recognition of these toxicities are essential for effective patient management.
• Proper management of skin toxicity improves patient quality of life and treatment adherence, potentially correlating with treatment response.