Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
Published on: September 20, 2018
[Patient-reported outcomes (PRO): historical profile, definitions, classifications and problems]
1Istituto di Bioetica, Facoltà di Medicina e chirurgia A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia. pietro.refolo@rm.unicatt.it
Abstract:
This contribution deals with the use, within healthcare systems, of patient-reported outcomes (PROs), i.e., all measures aimed at quantifying the state of health through the evaluation of outcomes reported by the patient himself. A survey of their cultural background, identified in the patient-centered model of medicine, is followed by a delineation of their historical profile (from 1914, the year of the first outcome measure, to the more recent examples of their use in clinical trial and practice), a classification based on the size they wish to detect and the reconstruction of the main lines of debate around their use in health care.
Related Concept Videos
Methods of Documentation II: POMR
Purpose of Health Records I
Here's a breakdown of how health records serve these purposes:
Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
