Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

10.1K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
10.1K
Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals01:18

Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals

736
The exponential function is crucial for characterizing waveforms that rise and decay rapidly. This continuous-time exponential function is defined using exponential terms with constants α and A. When both constants are real, the function is represented as,
736
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

131.0K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
131.0K
Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

1.2K
Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
1.2K
pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

7.7K
pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
7.7K
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

54.6K
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
54.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethyl ether (DMDEE) in pathology, perinatal, and genotoxicity studies.

Toxicology·2026
Same author

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Disrupted Mitochondrial Copper Homeostasis Promotes Ferroptotic Stress, Senescence and MASLD Progression.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The metabolic vulnerability index predicts outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Monitoring Inflammatory Markers and Anti-α-Gal Antibodies in Liver Transplant Recipients: Implications for Infection and Rejection.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

A unimolecular GLP-1 and FGF21 dual agonist for treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Communications medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
08:22

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Published on: December 16, 2021

8.1K

Hedgehog signalling regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell capillarisation.

Guanhua Xie1, Steve S Choi, Wing-Kin Syn

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Gut
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hedgehog (Hh) signalling drives liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) capillarisation during liver injury. Inhibiting Hh signalling in mice with liver damage prevented this vascular remodelling.

More Related Videos

Purification of Hepatocytes and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Mouse Liver Perfusion
08:54

Purification of Hepatocytes and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Mouse Liver Perfusion

Published on: February 12, 2018

52.3K
A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy
08:38

A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: April 30, 2015

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
08:22

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Published on: December 16, 2021

8.1K
Purification of Hepatocytes and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Mouse Liver Perfusion
08:54

Purification of Hepatocytes and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Mouse Liver Perfusion

Published on: February 12, 2018

52.3K
A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy
08:38

A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: April 30, 2015

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Vascular Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Disease

Background:

  • Liver damage involves vascular remodelling, characterized by the loss of healthy liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) phenotype through capillarisation.
  • Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, known to regulate vascular development, is upregulated during liver injury, suggesting a potential role in this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in the capillarisation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) during liver damage.

Main Methods:

  • Primary LSEC were cultured to induce capillarisation, with Hh signalling manipulated using pharmacological, antibody-mediated, and genetic approaches.
  • Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunoblotting assessed gene and protein expression of Hh-regulated and capillarisation markers.
  • LSEC function was evaluated via migration and tube formation assays, and fenestrae integrity was examined by electron microscopy. In vivo studies involved Hh inhibitor treatment in mice with acute or chronic liver injury.

Main Results:

  • LSEC express Hh ligands, receptors, and antagonists; capillarisation correlated with Hhip repression and increased Hh-target gene expression.
  • Hh pathway activation promoted capillarisation markers, while inhibition or neutralisation repressed them.
  • Genetic deletion of Smoothened in LSEC inhibited Hh signalling, reduced capillarisation gene induction, and preserved fenestrae. In vivo, Hh inhibition prevented capillarisation in injured livers.

Conclusions:

  • Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) produce and respond to Hedgehog (Hh) ligands.
  • Hh signalling is a key regulator of the phenotypic changes, including capillarisation, observed in LSEC during liver injury.