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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Disease tolerance as a defense strategy.

Ruslan Medzhitov1, David S Schneider, Miguel P Soares

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ruslan.medzhitov@yale.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Disease tolerance, a host defense strategy, reduces infection impact on fitness. Understanding this overlooked mechanism offers new treatment approaches for infectious and other diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The immune system primarily eliminates pathogens.
  • Host organisms can also mitigate infection's negative effects on fitness.
  • Disease tolerance is an understudied host defense strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce "disease tolerance" as a key concept in immunology.
  • Expand understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
  • Explore new therapeutic avenues for diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of disease tolerance.
  • Review of existing literature on host defense mechanisms.
  • Identification of overlooked aspects of host-pathogen interactions.

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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

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Main Results:

  • Disease tolerance represents a distinct and underappreciated host defense strategy.
  • Integrating disease tolerance broadens the scope of immunological study.
  • Mechanisms of disease tolerance are crucial for host survival and well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Disease tolerance is a critical, yet overlooked, component of host defense.
  • Further research into disease tolerance mechanisms is essential.
  • This concept offers novel therapeutic targets for infectious and other diseases.