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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Picture-Induced Semantic Interference Reflects Lexical Competition during Object Naming.

Sabrina Aristei¹, Pienie Zwitserlood, Rasha Abdel Rahman

¹Neurocognitive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology

|February 25, 2012

Summary

This study shows that naming related pictures slows down language production, similar to how related words interfere. This suggests lexical competition plays a key role in how we select words when speaking.

Keywords:

compound naming lexical competition picture–picture interference speech production

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: April 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Psychology
Language Production

Background:

Lexical selection models propose different mechanisms for word retrieval during speech.
Previous research using picture-word interference paradigms has shown semantic interference.
The role of pictures in inducing lexical interference has been less clear compared to words.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate lexical selection processes during noun-noun compound production.
To contrast competitive and non-competitive models of lexical access using a picture-picture paradigm.
To determine if semantically related pictures induce interference effects comparable to related words.

Main Methods:

A picture-picture experiment was conducted where participants named novel noun-noun compounds.
Stimuli involved two adjacently displayed objects that were either categorically related or unrelated.
Naming latencies for compound words were measured and compared between related and unrelated conditions.

Main Results:

Slower compound naming times were observed for categorically related pictures compared to unrelated pictures.
This semantic interference effect in picture-picture naming mirrored findings from picture-word interference studies.
Enhanced lexical activation from producing integrated compound words led to measurable interference.

Conclusions:

The observed semantic interference supports a competitive model of lexical selection in language production.
Pictures can induce reliable lexical interference when their names are integrated into compound words.
Interference likely arises from lexical competition, not response exclusion, in this experimental setup.