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Area of Science:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's disease research

Background:

  • Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative condition often linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • Cross-sectional studies show distinct atrophy patterns in PCA versus typical AD (tAD), with PCA affecting posterior regions and tAD affecting medial temporal lobes.
  • Longitudinal atrophy patterns differentiating PCA and tAD are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare longitudinal changes in brain and gray matter volumes in PCA patients, tAD patients, and healthy controls.
  • To understand the progression of neurodegeneration in different clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal assessment of brain and gray matter volumes.
  • Study included 17 PCA patients, 16 tAD patients, and 18 healthy controls.
  • Patient groups had a mean symptom duration of approximately 5 years.

Main Results:

  • Both PCA and tAD patients exhibited progressive, widespread gray matter loss throughout the cortex compared to controls.
  • Atrophy patterns were not confined to regions associated with initial symptoms in either patient group.
  • Multivariate classification accurately distinguished between PCA and tAD patients with 72.7% accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Alzheimer's disease presentations, initially focal, may progress to more global patterns over time.
  • Different clinical presentations of AD might share converging pathological processes.
  • Longitudinal imaging reveals shared and distinct patterns of neurodegeneration in PCA and tAD.