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Implications of maternal nutrient restriction in transgenerational programming of hypertension and endothelial
Beatriz Felice Ponzio1, Maria Helena Catelli Carvalho, Zuleica Bruno Fortes
1Nephrology Division, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), Brazil.
Insights
Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy can lead to lasting health problems in offspring. These negative effects, including high blood pressure, are passed down to future generations (F2 and F3).
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Prenatal insults are linked to adult metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
- Maternal nutrient restriction in pregnancy causes hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in offspring.
- The transgenerational impact of prenatal nutritional insults requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if maternal nutrient restriction during gestation has transgenerational effects.
- To assess the impact on F2 and F3 generations of Wistar rats.
Main Methods:
- Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into control (ad libitum feeding) and restricted (50% intake) groups.
- Offspring (F1) were bred to produce F2 and F3 generations under standard feeding conditions.
- Blood pressure, vasodilatory response to acetylcholine, and nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed.
Main Results:
- Elevated blood pressure was observed in male offspring of F2 and F3 generations.
- Impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine was transferred to F2 and F3 males.
- Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) production were evident in subsequent generations.
Conclusions:
- Global nutrient restriction during pregnancy induces a specific phenotype.
- This phenotype is heritable across at least two subsequent generations (F2 and F3).
- Prenatal nutritional insults can have long-lasting, transgenerational health consequences.
Aims:
An extensive variety of prenatal insults are associated with an increased incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life. We previously demonstrated that maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy leads to increased blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in the adult offspring. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal exposure to nutritional insult has transgenerational effects in F2 and F3 offspring.
Main Methods:
For this, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups on day 1 of pregnancy: a control group fed standard chow ad libitum and a restricted group fed 50% of the ad libitum intake throughout gestation. At delivery, all animals were fed a standard laboratory chow diet. At 11 weeks of age, one female and one male from each restricted litter were randomly selected and mated with rats from another restricted litters in order to generate the F2 offspring. The same procedure produced F3 generation. Similarly, the rats in the control group were bred for each generation.
Key Findings:
Our findings show that the deleterious effects of maternal nutrient restriction to which the F0 mothers were exposed may not be limited to the male first generation. In fact, we found that elevated blood pressure, an impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and alterations in NO production were all transferred to the subsequent males from F2 and F3 generations.
Significance:
Our data show that global nutrient restriction during pregnancy results in a specific phenotype that can be passed transgenerationally to a second and third generation.
