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Updated: May 24, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
[Determination of melamine by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in urinary calculi]
Wenqi Wu1, Luping Wang, Lili Ou
1Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China. wwqwml@163.com
Objective:
To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based method for efficient determination of melamine in urinary calculi in children taking melamine-contaminated formula milk powder.
Methods:
LC/MS was employed to determine the contents of melamine in urinary calculi surgically removed from 17 children with a history of taking melamine-contaminated milk powder and in 4 samples of uric acid stone from adults. The positive ionization mode of electro-spray ionization source was used, and the limit of melamine determination was 0.1 mg/kg.
Results:
No melamine was detected in the 4 uric acid stone samples from adults. Melamine was detected in 4 samples of urinary calculi from the 17 children, with the concentration ranging from 0.8 to 64 mg/lkg.
Conclusion:
LC/MS is simple and effective for detecting melamine in urinary calculi, which is helpful to the treatment and follow-up.
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