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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Does vitamin D protect against DNA damage?

Visalini Nair-Shalliker1, Bruce K Armstrong, Michael Fenech

  • 1Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. visalinin@nswcc.org.au

Mutation Research
|February 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D helps protect DNA from damage and regulates cell growth. While it shows promise in reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage, more human research is needed to determine optimal intake levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D, a secosteroid, is crucial for bone and muscle health.
  • Emerging evidence suggests vitamin D plays a role in maintaining DNA integrity.
  • Its functions include preventing DNA damage and regulating cell growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of vitamin D in preventing DNA damage.
  • To investigate vitamin D's impact on oxidative stress and cellular repair mechanisms.
  • To assess the potential of vitamin D in cancer prevention, particularly colorectal cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical trials measuring oxidative DNA damage markers (e.g., 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine).
  • Animal models and cell-based studies examining oxidative stress, chromosomal aberrations, telomere length, and telomerase activity.
  • Investigation into vitamin D's influence on DNA damage response pathways, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D supplementation reduced a marker of oxidative DNA damage in human colorectal cells.
  • Studies showed reduced oxidative stress, chromosomal damage, and telomere shortening in response to vitamin D.
  • Vitamin D influences DNA repair pathways, cell cycle control, and apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D demonstrates a dual role in DNA protection and cell growth regulation.
  • Evidence suggests vitamin D may help prevent DNA damage, potentially contributing to cancer prevention.
  • Further human studies are required to establish precise vitamin D intake recommendations for minimizing DNA damage.