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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
12:24

Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy

Published on: September 29, 2016

Protease signalling: the cutting edge.

Boris Turk1, Dušan Turk, Vito Turk

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. boris.turk@ijs.si

The EMBO Journal
|February 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Protease research has advanced, revealing proteases as key signaling molecules, not just degraders. However, understanding protease signaling pathways and their regulation remains a significant challenge.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Protease research has expanded significantly due to new technologies like quantitative proteomics and in-vivo imaging.
  • Proteases are now recognized as crucial signaling molecules, shifting from their traditional role as protein-degrading enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight current challenges in protease research.
  • To discuss the paradigm shift in understanding protease functions.
  • To emphasize the need for further investigation into protease signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomics
  • In-vivo imaging
  • In-vivo models

Main Results:

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  • Identification of physiological substrates for proteases.
  • Recognition of proteases as key signaling molecules.
  • Advancement in understanding protease roles beyond protein degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite advancements, the understanding of protease signaling pathways is still in its early stages.
  • A limited subset of physiological substrates and their regulation are understood.
  • Establishing links between protease signaling and other signaling systems is an ongoing challenge.