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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

The Smc complexes in DNA damage response.

Nan Wu1, Hongtao Yu

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. hongtao.yu@utsouthwestern.edu.

Cell & Bioscience
|February 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (Smc) complexes are vital for genomic stability and DNA repair. This review covers their roles in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, offering insights into cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Chromosome biology
  • Genomic stability
  • DNA repair mechanisms

Background:

  • Six Smc proteins form three heterodimers: Smc1/3, Smc2/4, and Smc5/6.
  • These form cohesin, condensin, and the Smc5/6 complex, respectively, each with distinct roles.
  • Smc complexes are crucial for chromosome segregation, condensation, and DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the functions of Smc complexes in DNA repair.
  • To explore the cell cycle regulation of Smc complexes via posttranslational modifications.
  • To highlight the potential of understanding Smc complexes for cancer research and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress on Smc complex functions.
  • Analysis of posttranslational modifications (acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation) in Smc complex regulation.
  • Synthesis of information on the role of Smc complexes in DNA repair and genomic stability.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin, condensin, and Smc5/6 complexes play critical roles in DNA repair.
  • Posttranslational modifications significantly regulate the cell cycle functions of these complexes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing genomic instability in cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Smc complexes are integral to DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability.
  • Posttranslational modifications are crucial regulators of Smc complex activity.
  • Further research into Smc complexes may lead to novel cancer therapeutic strategies.