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Inflammation

Inflammation

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

Published on: February 27, 2014

Long-chain fatty acids and inflammation.

Philip C Calder¹

¹Institute of Human Nutrition and Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. pcc@soton.ac.uk

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

|February 29, 2012

Summary

Marine omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, reduce inflammation by altering cell membrane composition. They decrease pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid and produce anti-inflammatory resolvins and protectins.

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Saturated Fatty Acids Induce Ceramide-associated Macrophage Cell Death

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Published on: October 31, 2017

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Inflammation is a key factor in numerous diseases.
Fatty acids modulate inflammatory processes via cell membrane and nuclear mechanisms.
Cell membrane fatty acid composition influences inflammatory cell signaling and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how marine omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) affect inflammatory cell membranes and mediator production.
To understand the role of fatty acid composition in regulating inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cell membrane fatty acid composition.
Assessment of eicosanoid and specialized pro-resolving mediator production.
Evaluation of inflammatory cell function and gene expression.

Main Results:

Oral administration of EPA and DHA increased their content in inflammatory cell membranes.
Arachidonic acid levels in cell membranes decreased following EPA and DHA supplementation.
EPA and DHA are precursors to anti-inflammatory resolvins and protectins, which resolve inflammation.

Conclusions:

Modifying inflammatory cell fatty acid composition with marine omega-3s can alter inflammatory cell function.
EPA and DHA have the potential to modify inflammatory processes by producing anti-inflammatory mediators and reducing pro-inflammatory ones.