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Melatonin utility in neonates and children.

Yu-Chieh Chen1, You-Lin Tain, Jiunn-Ming Sheen

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous indoleamine hormone produced by the pineal gland, with secretion inhibited by light.
  • It possesses significant antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Existing research highlights melatonin's benefits in adult conditions like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established and emerging therapeutic applications of melatonin in pediatric populations, including neonates and children.
  • To consolidate evidence on melatonin's efficacy in managing critical neonatal and childhood conditions.
  • To explore melatonin's potential in surgical care and common pediatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on melatonin use in neonates and children.
  • Analysis of clinical studies and case reports detailing melatonin's effects.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding melatonin's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in pediatric patients.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin demonstrates therapeutic potential in neonatal conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, and sepsis.
  • Its application extends to pediatric sleep disorders, seizure management, and perioperative care in children.
  • The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin are key to its observed benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin is a versatile therapeutic agent with a growing range of applications in neonates and children.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize dosing and confirm efficacy in specific pediatric indications.
  • Melatonin represents a promising adjunctive therapy for various critical and common conditions in pediatric medicine.