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Updated: May 24, 2026

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils
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A novel method to determine buffer strip effectiveness on deep soils.

Marius Heinen1, Ignatius G A M Noij, Hanneke I M Heesmans

  • 1Soil Science Center, Wageningen, the Netherlands. marius.heinen@wur.nl

Journal of Environmental Quality
|February 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
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Unfertilized buffer strips (BS) showed no significant effectiveness in improving surface water quality in permeable sandy soils. Buffer strip effectiveness (BSE) assessment requires careful consideration of hydrogeological conditions and experimental design for accurate results.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Unfertilized buffer strips (BS) are generally effective in improving surface water quality.
  • High buffer strip effectiveness (BSE) is documented for sloping shallow aquifers.
  • Experimental data for plain landscapes with deep, permeable soils is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a novel method for determining BSE in a 20-m-deep, permeable sandy soil.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of BS in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water discharge.
  • To compare BSE in surface water reservoirs with nitrate reduction in upper groundwater.

Main Methods:

  • Discharge from BS and reference (REF) treatments was collected in in-stream reservoirs.
  • Water quantity and quality (nitrogen and phosphorus species) were measured in reservoirs.

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  • Water samples from upper groundwater below treatments were analyzed for nitrate.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant BSE was observed for nitrogen and phosphorus species in the collected discharge.
    • A notable reduction in nitrate was found in the upper groundwater, but not in the reservoirs.
    • Reservoir samples likely included groundwater from greater depths, diluting the BS effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Assessing BSE by measuring surface water in reservoirs is unreliable in deep, permeable soil landscapes.
    • The effectiveness of BS is hydrogeologically dependent, requiring specific assessment conditions.
    • Future research should incorporate pre-treatment measurements and advanced statistical methods to improve BSE assessment accuracy.