Neurovascular unit: a focus on pericytes.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cell Biology
• Physiology

Background:

• The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface regulating substance exchange between blood and the central nervous system (CNS).
• It comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and other neural cells forming the neurovascular unit.
• Pericytes, though difficult to identify, have been recognized since 1873 for their vital roles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the composition of the neurovascular unit.
• To detail the interplay between its diverse cellular components.
• To highlight the specific functions and therapeutic potential of pericytes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the neurovascular unit.
• Analysis of pericyte identification and functions.
• Synthesis of current understanding on BBB components.

Main Results:

• The neurovascular unit is a complex structure essential for CNS homeostasis.
• Pericytes play multifaceted roles including BBB regulation, hemostasis, and angiogenesis.
• Pericytes exhibit multipotent characteristics, suggesting significant therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the neurovascular unit's composition is key to comprehending BBB function.
• Pericytes are indispensable components of the BBB with diverse and vital functions.
• The therapeutic potential of pericytes warrants further investigation for CNS disorders.