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Related Experiment Video

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High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

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Published on: January 22, 2019

HIV latency: experimental systems and molecular models.

Shweta Hakre¹, Leonard Chavez, Kotaro Shirakawa

¹Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94941, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

|March 1, 2012

Summary

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) controls HIV but does not eliminate it. Research explores epigenetic mechanisms and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to reactivate latent HIV, potentially leading to virus eradication.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Epigenetics

Background:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly improves survival for individuals with HIV.
HAART does not eradicate the virus, necessitating lifelong treatment.
Latent HIV reservoirs in resting T cells can reactivate upon T-cell activation, persisting despite HAART.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV latency.
To examine experimental models used to study HIV latency.
To discuss the potential of epigenetic modifiers, like HDAC inhibitors, in HIV eradication strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on HIV latency.
Focus on epigenetic mechanisms controlling HIV transcription, including chromatin modifications.
Analysis of experimental models for studying latent HIV reservoirs.

Main Results:

Epigenetic modifications, particularly to chromatin, play a crucial role in regulating HIV transcription and maintaining latency.
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show promise in reactivating transcriptionally silent HIV.
Small molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators are being investigated for their therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

Understanding epigenetic regulation is key to targeting latent HIV reservoirs.
HDAC inhibitors offer a potential strategy to "shock and kill" latently infected cells.
Further research into epigenetic therapies could lead to strategies for HIV eradication.