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Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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Updated: May 24, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma.

Dennis E Orwat¹, Nicholas I Batalis

¹Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine

|March 1, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBL) is a rare, aggressive cancer affecting blood vessels, predominantly in older men. Early diagnosis is crucial as it often presents with widespread disease and is fatal if untreated.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBL) is a rare extranodal variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
It predominantly affects middle-aged to elderly individuals, with a slight male predominance.
Patients often present with advanced, disseminated disease, and diagnosis is frequently made post-mortem.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the key characteristics of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma.
To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of IVLBL.
To underscore the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of untreated IVLBL.

Main Methods:

Review of pathological and clinical features of IVLBL.
Morphological analysis of neoplastic cells within vascular lumens.
Immunohistochemical profiling including CD markers (CD79a, CD20, CD19) and MUM1/IRF4, Bcl-2.

Main Results:

Neoplastic cells are confined to the lumen of small vessels.
Cells exhibit large size, prominent nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and frequent mitoses.
Commonly positive for CD79a, CD20, CD19, MUM1/IRF4, and Bcl-2.
Clinical presentation is variable, with frequent central nervous system and cutaneous involvement, and B symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats).

Conclusions:

IVLBL is an aggressive lymphoma with a propensity for vascular infiltration.
Variable clinical presentation and rarity contribute to diagnostic delays.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical due to its rapidly fatal course if left untreated.