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Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Updated: May 24, 2026

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
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Published on: May 7, 2013

Ca(2+) signalling by IP(3) receptors.

Colin W Taylor1, David L Prole

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD, Cambridge, UK, cwt1000@cam.ac.uk.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signals in animal cells are generated by IP3 receptors (IP3R). These channels recruit progressively, forming blips and puffs that trigger regenerative calcium waves.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
09:32

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)

Published on: May 7, 2013

Imaging Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells
09:30

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Published on: March 3, 2015

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators
11:33

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators

Published on: March 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) signals are crucial for cellular processes.
  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) are intracellular Ca2+ channels.
  • IP3R activity underlies elementary Ca2+ release events like blips and puffs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties of IP3 receptors.
  • To explain how IP3R mediate Ca2+ signals.
  • To discuss the structural basis of IP3R function in Ca2+ signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IP3 receptor function.
  • Analysis of Ca2+ signaling mechanisms.
  • Examination of IP3R structural properties.

Main Results:

  • Ca2+ signals are built from elementary IP3R opening events.
  • Progressive recruitment of IP3R leads to blips, puffs, and regenerative Ca2+ waves.
  • Hierarchical recruitment allows localized or global Ca2+ signaling.

Conclusions:

  • IP3R co-regulation by Ca2+ and IP3 is key to signal propagation.
  • Single IP3R can mediate large Ca2+ effluxes.
  • Assembly of IP3R into clusters facilitates regenerative Ca2+ signaling.