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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

Phosphoinositides in chemotaxis.

Michael C Weiger1, Carole A Parent

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg.37/Rm2066, 20892-4256, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|March 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphatidylinositol lipids generated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are crucial for cell migration. While PI3K signaling is a key polarity cue, other pathways also regulate directed cell movement.

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Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Published on: January 6, 2016

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) lipids regulate diverse cellular functions.
  • PI3K signaling is critical for cell migration, including amoeboid and mesenchymal types.
  • PI3K products act as anterior polarity signals, directing actin polymerization and posterior effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of PI3K in directed cell migration.
  • To highlight the importance of mathematical modeling in chemotaxis research.
  • To provide an overview of alternative signaling pathways regulating cell movement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing fluorescent probes for PI3K products.
  • Employing specific PI3K inhibitors.
  • Implementing knockout technologies to study PI3K function.
  • Reviewing existing literature and mathematical models of chemotaxis.

Main Results:

  • PI3K products are essential anterior polarity signals in chemotaxing cells.
  • PI3K signaling influences both actin polymerization and posterior effector regulation.
  • Cell types can exhibit chemotaxis independently of PI3K signaling in certain conditions.
  • Parallel signaling pathways contribute to cell polarity and directed movement.

Conclusions:

  • PI3K signaling is a significant, but not exclusive, regulator of directed cell migration.
  • Mathematical modeling is vital for understanding complex chemotaxis dynamics.
  • Multiple signaling cascades coordinate to control cell polarity and directed movement.