Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
[Living wills under close scrutiny: Medical consultation is indispensable]
M Schöffner1, K W Schmidt, U Benzenhöfer
1Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Frankfurt am Main. Michael.Schoeffner@fdk.info
Abstract:
Since September 2009 the handling of living wills has been regulated by law. Even though a medical consultation is not imperative for the drawing up of a living will, first surveys have shown that medical information about clinical pictures and treatment options lead to an important specification of living wills. For the first time in Germany, a questionnaire has been developed to investigate the impact of medical consultations on the content of living wills. It revealed that nearly all the people surveyed who had already drawn up a living will wished to change the content of their completed will after attending the seminar because the previous version was no longer in accordance with their wishes. In the light of the frequent difficulties in hospitals concerning how to apply a living will to an actual clinical situation, we believe structured medical consultations to be indispensable.
Related Concept Videos
Standards of Care II
Ethical Dilemmas II
Ethical Issues
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
Nursing Ethical Principles II
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
