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Related Concept Videos

Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction
03:38

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction

Published on: October 6, 2022

G-quadruplex DNA aptamers and their ligands: structure, function and application.

W O Tucker1, K T Shum, J A Tanner

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA aptamers with G-quadruplex structures offer precise molecular recognition for various targets. This review explores their structural diversity, ligand interactions, and therapeutic potential.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid aptamers, particularly DNA aptamers, have been developed for over two decades for specific molecular targeting.
  • A substantial number of these aptamers form G-quadruplex structures, crucial for their ligand-binding capabilities.
  • G-quadruplexes feature a conserved core scaffold with variable loop regions responsible for target recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of DNA G-quadruplex aptamers and their ligands.
  • To analyze the structural and functional aspects of these aptamers.
  • To discuss their therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA G-quadruplex aptamers.
  • Structural analysis focusing on the thrombin-binding aptamer-thrombin interaction.
  • Comparison of aptamer diversity across different ligand targets.

Main Results:

  • DNA G-quadruplex aptamers exhibit significant structural diversity driven by loop variations.
  • The thrombin-binding aptamer serves as a key example for understanding aptamer-ligand interactions.
  • A wide range of therapeutic and analytical applications are emerging for these aptamers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA G-quadruplex aptamer structures is vital for advancing therapeutics and diagnostics.
  • These aptamers have broad implications for both biotechnology and fundamental guanine-rich nucleic acid biochemistry.