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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Ovarian Cycle

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

Oogenesis, the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

Proliferative Phase

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Elevated progesterone during ovarian stimulation for IVF.

M Al-Azemi¹, D Kyrou, E M Kolibianakis

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.

Reproductive Biomedicine Online

|March 2, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Premature progesterone rise in ovarian stimulation negatively impacts IVF outcomes. Elevated progesterone reduces endometrial receptivity, potentially lowering ongoing pregnancy rates in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Background:

A premature rise in serum progesterone during ovarian stimulation is debated for its effect on IVF success.
Elevated progesterone levels near the end of the follicular phase may negatively influence endometrial receptivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence on the association between elevated serum progesterone and ongoing pregnancy rates in IVF cycles.
To explore the origins, modifying factors, and potential prevention strategies for premature progesterone rise during ovarian stimulation.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of published literature.
Searched Medline and PubMed databases for relevant studies on progesterone monitoring in ovarian stimulation.

Main Results:

Good-quality evidence indicates that elevated progesterone levels negatively impact endometrial receptivity.
The review supports a detrimental effect of premature progesterone rise on IVF outcomes.

Conclusions:

Premature progesterone rise in stimulated IVF cycles is linked to poorer ongoing pregnancy rates.
Further research is needed to elucidate the causes and origins of premature progesterone rise in IVF.