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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Concurrent Collection of Fetal Murine Brain and Serum to Assess Effects of Maternal Diet on Nutrition and Neurodevelopment in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
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First-trimester screening for neural tube defects using alpha-fetoprotein.

F E Bredaki1, L C Poon, C Birdir

  • 1Harris Birthright Research Centre of Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening at 11-13 weeks

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Area of Science:

  • Prenatal screening
  • Biochemistry
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital anomalies.
  • Early detection of NTDs is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a known biomarker for NTDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of maternal serum AFP measurement in early screening for fetal NTDs.
  • To determine if first-trimester AFP levels can predict NTDs.

Main Methods:

  • Maternal serum AFP levels were measured at 11-13 weeks' gestation in 32 NTD cases and 1,500 controls.
  • AFP levels were expressed as multiples of the expected median (MoM).
  • Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test) compared MoM values between NTD and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Mean AFP MoM was significantly higher in the NTD group (1.76) compared to controls (p < 0.0001).
  • No significant difference in mean AFP MoM was observed between acrania (1.78) and spina bifida (1.75) cases.
  • First-trimester AFP screening achieved NTD detection rates of 50.0% and 37.5% at 10% and 5% false-positive rates, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal serum AFP measurement at 11-13 weeks' gestation shows potential for early fetal NTD screening.
  • First-trimester AFP screening can identify a significant proportion of NTDs.
  • This method may aid in earlier diagnosis and management of NTDs.