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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement
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Seizures.

Andrea Alberti1

  • 1Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy. andrea_alberti@hotmail.com

Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seizures after stroke, particularly with cortical involvement, are common. Current evidence does not support prophylactic antiepileptic drug use in non-seizing stroke patients.

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Published on: March 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Stroke Medicine
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Seizures are a frequent complication of acute stroke.
  • Post-stroke seizures are more prevalent in cases of cortical involvement, large stroke size, and hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke.
  • The impact of post-stroke seizures on functional outcomes remains a subject of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation and management of seizures in acute stroke patients.
  • To explore the factors influencing seizure occurrence and recurrence after stroke.
  • To evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in stroke patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on post-stroke seizures.
  • Analysis of factors associated with seizure development and recurrence.
  • Assessment of evidence for prophylactic antiepileptic drug use.

Main Results:

  • Cortical involvement, stroke severity, and hemorrhagic transformation are linked to higher seizure rates.
  • Early and late post-stroke seizures may have different pathophysiological mechanisms and recurrence risks, necessitating tailored management.
  • No current evidence supports routine AED use in stroke patients without a history of seizures, even with risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Post-stroke seizure management requires individualized approaches based on seizure timing and characteristics.
  • AED selection should consider drug interactions and side effects, particularly in elderly patients.
  • Prophylactic AEDs are not recommended for stroke patients who have not experienced seizures.