Acute liver failure: a rare clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis

We recently re-examined a case of Visceral Leishmaniasis, in a 36-year-old caucasian immune-competent men with an unusual clinical presentation. Together with symptoms and signs of a severe acute liver involvement, he presented weight loss, huge spleen enlargement, pancytopenia and increased ?-globulin serum level with a high polyclonal peak. He had no fever, but over-abundant night sweats were frequent. The patient was considered to have liver cirrhosis, and the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniosis was made with a year's delay. From this case report we may learn that, despite an unusual clinical presentation, the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis should not be excluded when other characteristic signs and symptoms and laboratory abnormalities are present.