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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic aliphatic amines show...

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Published on: March 24, 2018

Phase behaviour, interactions, and structural studies of (amines+ionic liquids) binary mixtures.

Johan Jacquemin1, Magdalena Bendová, Zuzana Sedláková

  • 1The QUILL Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom. johan.jacquemin@qub.ac.uk

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates the phase equilibrium of ionic liquids with amines, revealing specific phase behaviors like LCST. Predictive models were tested, with limitations noted for certain amine-ionic liquid systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) like [C(n)mim][NTf(2)] are tunable solvents.
  • Understanding IL-amine mixtures is crucial for applications like gas absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Characterize phase equilibrium of ILs ([C(n)mim][NTf(2)], n=2,4) with diethylamine and triethylamine.
  • Evaluate predictive models (Flory-Huggins, UNIQUAC, COSMO-RS) for these mixtures.
  • Investigate liquid structure and ethane absorption in a specific IL-amine mixture.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental techniques for phase equilibrium determination.
  • Thermodynamic modeling using Flory-Huggins equations and UNIQUAC in Aspen.
  • COSMO-RS methodology for theoretical prediction.
  • Molecular dynamics simulation and neutron diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Ethane gas absorption measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior in two systems and a potential hourglass shape in one.
  • Flory-Huggins and UNIQUAC models showed good correlation and prediction capabilities.
  • COSMO-RS failed to accurately predict experimental trends for amine-IL systems.
  • Molecular dynamics and neutron diffraction provided insights into the liquid-state structure.
  • Ethane absorption in the [C(2)mim][NTf(2)]+diethylamine mixture was quantified.

Conclusions:

  • Phase behavior of IL-amine mixtures is complex, exhibiting phenomena like LCST.
  • Aspen-based models (Flory-Huggins, UNIQUAC) are effective for predicting these phase equilibria.
  • COSMO-RS is currently limited for predicting phase behavior in amine-IL systems.
  • Structural and absorption studies provide a foundation for understanding mixture properties.