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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Updated: May 24, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Dynamic microRNA gene transcription and processing during T cell development.

Francis F Kirigin¹, Kenneth Lindstedt, Maclean Sellars

¹Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|March 2, 2012

Summary

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression during T cell development is highly dynamic and regulated. Next-generation sequencing revealed extensive changes in miRNA profiles from hematopoietic stem cells, impacting T cell differentiation and function.

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is crucial for T cell differentiation and function.
Previous studies indicated dynamic miRNA expression during T cell development, but lacked comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively profile miRNA expression during T cell development using next-generation sequencing.
To investigate miRNA expression dynamics starting from hematopoietic stem cells.

Main Methods:

Next-generation sequencing for miRNA profiling.
Analysis of miRNA expression from hematopoietic stem cells through T cell development.
Structural analysis of primary miRNA transcripts in T cells.

Main Results:

Extremely dynamic miRNA expression observed during T cell development, with 645 miRNAs sequenced.
Expression levels of some miRNAs varied by up to three orders of magnitude.
Altered precursor processing resulted in modified mature miRNA sequences; long primary miRNA transcripts with extensive splicing were identified.

Conclusions:

T cell development involves highly dynamic and regulated miRNA expression.
These findings provide a comprehensive view of miRNA regulation in T cell biology.
Understanding these dynamics is key to T cell function and differentiation.