Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Upgrading the LANSCE accelerator with a SNS RF-driven H<sup>-</sup> ion source.

The Review of scientific instruments·2020

Same author

Surface plasma source with anode layer plasma accelerator.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Absolute beam brightness detector.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Radio frequency discharge with control of plasma potential distribution.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Features of semiplanotron surface plasma sources.

The Review of scientific instruments·2012

Same author

Spallation neutron source saddle antenna H- ion source project.

The Review of scientific instruments·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet

Published on: November 2, 2020

Forty years of surface plasma source development.

Vadim Dudnikov¹

¹Muons, Inc., 552 N. Batavia Ave., Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA. vadim@muonsinc.com

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|March 3, 2012

Summary

The cesiation effect significantly boosts negative ion emission in gas discharges. This method, using cesium, has increased negative ion beam intensity by up to 10,000 times over 40 years.

Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Surface Science

Background:

The cesiation effect, observed in 1971, enhances negative ion emission.
This effect involves decreasing co-extracted electron current below the negative ion current.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the development of surface plasma sources (SPS) for negative ion production.
To highlight the role of cesium in enhancing negative ion emission.

Main Methods:

Utilizing cesium compounds in gas discharges.
Developing surface plasma sources (SPS) that leverage cesium adsorption on electrode surfaces.
Investigating the interaction of plasma particles with cesium-coated electrodes to reduce surface work function.

Main Results:

Cesiation leads to a significant enhancement of negative ion emission.

More Related Videos

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet

Published on: November 2, 2020

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

The intensity of negative ion beams has increased up to 10^4 times (from 3 mA to tens of amperes) over 40 years.

Adsorbed cesium on electrodes reduces surface work function, promoting efficient negative ion production.

Conclusions:

Surface plasma sources (SPS) utilizing cesiation are highly effective for negative ion production.
The cesiation effect has been crucial in advancing negative ion beam technology over the past four decades.