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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments
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Proton emission from a laser ion source.

L Torrisi1, S Cavallaro, M Cutroneo

  • 1INFN-LNS Via S. Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy. torrisi@lns.infn.it

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates controllable proton beam generation using nanostructure-enhanced laser ablation of hydrogenated targets. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and metallic nanostructures optimize laser absorption and plasma properties for high proton yields and energies.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Ablation Ion Sources
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanosecond pulsed lasers at high intensities (10^10 W/cm^2) can ablate solid targets, producing ions with varying charge states and kinetic energies.
  • Proton production using laser-induced plasma is of interest for applications requiring controllable ion beams.
  • Hydrogenated targets, including polymers and hydrates, are suitable for generating protons via laser ablation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production of protons with controllable energy and current using laser ablation.
  • To explore the effect of nanostructures embedded in hydrogenated targets on proton emission characteristics.
  • To compare laser-driven proton sources with traditional proton ion sources.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of roto-translating hydrogenated targets (polymers, hydrates) with a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1-10 Hz repetition rate in high vacuum.
  • Embedding carbon nanotubes or metallic nanostructures within polymer targets to modify laser absorption and plasma properties.
  • Characterization of ion beam properties, including proton yield, energy, and current, using ion collectors, ion energy analyzers, and time-of-flight mass spectrometers.

Main Results:

  • High emission of ions, including protons, was achieved with controllable energy and current.
  • Carbon nanotubes enhanced laser absorption and hydrogen uptake, leading to high proton yields.
  • Metallic nanostructures increased plasma electron density and the kinetic energy of accelerated protons.
  • Laser-driven proton source performance was compared to traditional proton ion sources.

Conclusions:

  • Laser ablation of nanostructure-modified hydrogenated targets offers a promising method for generating controllable proton beams.
  • Nanomaterial integration provides a pathway to optimize proton yield and energy for laser-driven ion sources.
  • This technique presents a viable alternative or complement to conventional proton ion sources.