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Related Experiment Video

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Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

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Interleukin-6 and insulin incrase and nitric oxide and adiponectin decrease in blind dogs with pituitary-dependent

M F Cabrera Blatter¹, B del Prado, D D Miceli

¹Cát. Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales, U. Endocrinología, HospitalEscuela de Medicina Veterinaria, F.Cs. Veterinarias-UBA, Av. Chorroarin 280 (1427) CABA, Argentina.

Research in Veterinary Science

|March 3, 2012

Summary

Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) can cause blindness in dogs. This study found that metabolic changes, including increased IL-6 and decreased nitric oxide, contribute to vision loss in PDH dogs.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Endocrinology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) is a common endocrine disorder in dogs.
Vision loss is a potential complication of PDH, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in dogs with PDH and normal vision versus those with PDH and blindness.
To investigate the relationship between these parameters and the development of blindness in PDH.

Main Methods:

A 2-year comparative study of two dog populations with PDH: Group A (normal vision, n=27) and Group B (blind, n=20).
Measurement of pre-adrenocorticotropic hormone cortisol, IL-6, insulin, insulin sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment - HOMA), nitric oxide (NO), and total adiponectin.
Correlation analysis between measured variables and blindness.

Main Results:

Group B (blind dogs) showed significant increases in cortisol, IL-6, insulin, and insulin sensitivity compared to Group A.
Group B also exhibited decreased nitric oxide and adiponectin concentrations.
IL-6 and insulin concentrations, and HOMA-A index, were positively correlated with cortisol and negatively correlated with NO. Most variables were associated with blindness, except adiponectin.

Conclusions:

Blindness in PDH is likely a hemodynamic event linked to metabolic alterations.
Elevated IL-6 and reduced NO concentrations appear to affect retinal vasculature, increasing the risk of vision loss in PDH dogs.