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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Published on: May 3, 2019

Intraventricular tumors.

Henry W S Schroeder¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. Henry.Schroeder@uni-greifswald.de

World Neurosurgery

|March 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroendoscopic surgery offers a safe and effective method for treating intraventricular tumors and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway obstructions. This minimally invasive approach allows for tumor removal, with small lesions potentially resected entirely using a ventriculoscope.

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Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

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Published on: May 3, 2019

Intravital Microscopy of Tumor-associated Vasculature Using Advanced Dorsal Skinfold Window Chambers on Transgenic Fluorescent Mice

Intravital Microscopy of Tumor-associated Vasculature Using Advanced Dorsal Skinfold Window Chambers on Transgenic Fluorescent Mice

Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Neuro-oncology

Background:

Intraventricular tumors frequently cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway obstruction, leading to ventricular dilation.
This dilation creates adequate space for neuroendoscopic surgical maneuvers.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the neuroendoscopic technique for managing intraventricular tumors.
To highlight the efficacy of endoscopic approaches for these lesions.

Main Methods:

Description of the endoscopic approach for tumors in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles.
Techniques include interrupting tumor blood supply, debulking, and piecemeal or total resection.
Specific burr hole placements and trajectories are discussed for different tumor locations and associated hydrocephalus.

Main Results:

Intraventricular tumors are well-suited for neuroendoscopic surgery.
The technique allows for safe and effective tumor removal, including biopsy and debulking.
Complete resection of smaller tumors is achievable in some cases.

Conclusions:

Endoscopic techniques provide a safe and effective treatment for intraventricular tumors and associated CSF pathway obstructions.
Ventriculoscopy enables complete removal of small intraventricular tumors.