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Related Concept Videos

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Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus
13:25

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus

Published on: September 16, 2022

Neurocysticercosis.

Samuel T Zymberg1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. clinicazymberg@terra.com.br

World Neurosurgery
|March 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Neurocysticercosis, a common central nervous system infection, presents challenges. Neuroendoscopy offers a simplified, beneficial approach for treating obstructive forms and improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Neurocysticercosis is the most frequent parasitic infection of the central nervous system.
  • Ventricle-located cysts and obstructive forms often lead to poor prognoses.
  • Current pharmacological treatments for neurocysticercosis are suboptimal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of neuroendoscopy in managing neurocysticercosis.
  • To explore endoscopic techniques for cyst removal, hydrocephalus management, and membrane fenestration.

Main Methods:

  • Endoscopic procedures for cyst removal.
  • Endoscopic management of hydrocephalus.
  • Endoscopic membrane fenestration for treatment simplification.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Neuroendoscopy provides significant benefits for many patients, particularly those with obstructive neurocysticercosis.
  • Adjunctive neuroendoscopic procedures simplify treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocysticercosis management requires a multimodal strategy.
  • Neuroendoscopy is a valuable tool in the comprehensive treatment of neurocysticercosis.