Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation01:24

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation, a pivotal phase II biotransformation process, involves the coupling of glucuronic acid to a drug or xenobiotic. Given its widespread occurrence and critical role in drug metabolism, it's considered the most crucial phase II reaction. It enhances the water solubility of substances, aiding their expulsion from the body. The driving force behind these reactions is a group of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs facilitate the transfer of a glucuronic acid...
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-{<i>N</i>'-[(4-chloro-benzene)-sulfon-yl]carbamimido-yl}-3-phenyl-thio-urea dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Crystal structures of the homologues diethyl and dimethyl (10<i>H</i>-indeno-[1,2-<i>b</i>]quinoxalin-11-yl)phospho-nate: use of non-spherical scattering factors.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Crystal structure of (<i>Z</i>)-3-{2-[(<i>Z</i>)-11<i>H</i>-indeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]quinoxalin-11-yl-idene]hydrazin-yl}-<i>N</i>-phenyl-but-2-enamide monohydrate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-(benzo[<i>d</i>]thia-zol-2-yl)-<i>N</i>'-[(<i>E</i>)-1-(4-bromo-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]acetohydrazide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Risk Stratification for Acute Aortic Syndrome: Premise, Promise and Performance.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026
Same author

Synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl 2-(1,3-benzo-thia-zol-2-yl)-1-oxo-1<i>H</i>-pyrido[2,1-<i>b</i>][1,3]benzo-thia-zole-4-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same journal

Intermolecular C-H···O, Cl···Cl and π-π interactions in the 2-dichloromethyl derivative of vitamin K3.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
Same journal

Isolation, pharmacological activity and structure determination of physalin B and 5β,6β-epoxyphysalin B isolated from Congolese Physalis angulata L.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
Same journal

Transannular S···N interactions in 10-ethynyl-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide and 5,5-dioxide.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
Same journal

Two polymorphs of 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridinium hydrogen N-acetyl-L-glutamate from powder diffraction data.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
Same journal

Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded assembly in 2,2'-disulfanylidene-5,5'-biimidazolidinylidene-4,4'-dione-dimethylformamide-water (3/2/4).

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
Same journal

Head-to-tail square-shaped cyclic hydrogen bonds leading to dimeric aggregates: 1,8-dibenzoyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and a comparison with its analogous benzoylnaphthalene.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications·2013
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

Trimethylurea.

Cindy Döring1, Christina Taouss, Peter G Jones

  • 1Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|March 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the crystal structure of a compound (C4H10N2O), detailing how its molecules arrange and bond. The research highlights the formation of molecular chains through hydrogen bonds.

More Related Videos

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding molecular arrangement is key to predicting material properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C4H10N2O.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
  • To characterize the spatial arrangement of independent molecules in the unit cell.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
  • Space group determination (Cmc2(1)).
  • Analysis of crystallographic symmetry elements and molecular positions.

Main Results:

  • The compound C4H10N2O crystallizes with two independent molecules in the Cmc2(1) space group.
  • One molecule occupies a crystallographic mirror plane (x=0), while the second is in a general position (x≈1/3).
  • Classical N-H...O=C hydrogen bonds are observed, leading to the formation of molecular chains aligned with the polar c axis.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing is dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns.
  • The arrangement of molecules influences the overall chain structure and polarity.
  • This structural information provides a basis for understanding the compound's physical and chemical behavior.