Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High Temperature Electron Diffraction on Organic Crystals: <i>In Situ</i> Crystal Structure Determination of Pigment Orange 34.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024
Same author

Leucopterin, the white pigment in butterfly wings: structural analysis by PDF fit, FIDEL fit, Rietveld refinement, solid-state NMR and DFT-D.

IUCrJ·2023
Same author

Analysis of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction data for the crystal structure determination of Pigment Orange 13, C<sub>32</sub>H<sub>24</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2023
Same author

Ambiguous structure determination from powder data: four different structural models of 4,11-di-fluoro-quinacridone with similar X-ray powder patterns, fit to the PDF, SSNMR and DFT-D.

IUCrJ·2022
Same author

Structure determination from unindexed powder data from scratch by a global optimization approach using pattern comparison based on cross-correlation functions.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2022
Same author

Solid-State NMR-Driven Crystal Structure Prediction of Molecular Crystals: The Case of Mebendazole.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
06:19

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

Antidiarrhetic loperamide hydrochloride.

Jürgen Brüning1, Dragica Podgorski, Edith Alig

  • 1University of Frankfurt, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|March 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single crystals of a novel piperidinium chloride compound were synthesized. Structural analysis revealed hydrogen bonds and C-H...Cl interactions forming chains and layers, explaining the crystal

More Related Videos

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
03:25

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: December 27, 2024

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
06:19

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
03:25

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: December 27, 2024

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • The title compound is a piperidinium chloride derivative.
  • Understanding the crystal structure is crucial for its potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the anhydrous form of 1-[3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-3,3-diphenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-1-ium chloride.
  • To elucidate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing and morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Crystal growth via diffusion of acetone into a 2-propanol solution.

Main Results:

  • The anhydrous form of the title compound crystallizes as C(29)H(34)ClN(2)O(2)(+)·Cl(-).
  • N-H...Cl(-) and O-H...Cl(-) hydrogen bonds form chains along the c-axis.
  • Intermolecular C-H...Cl(-) contacts connect chains into layers parallel to the (100) planes.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure is characterized by hydrogen bonding and C-H...Cl interactions.
  • These interactions dictate the formation of chains and layers, influencing the plate-like crystal habit.