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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)
09:06

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

Published on: October 5, 2018

Identifying cis-acting DNA elements within a control region.

Michael F Carey, Craig L Peterson, Stephen T Smale

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
    |March 3, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study explores computational and experimental methods for analyzing DNA regulatory elements. Comprehensive mutant analysis offers deeper insights into gene regulation than phylogenetic analysis alone.

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    Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
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    Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

    Published on: December 19, 2011

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    Last Updated: May 24, 2026

    High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)
    09:06

    High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

    Published on: October 5, 2018

    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
    10:10

    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

    Published on: March 31, 2019

    Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
    08:19

    Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

    Published on: December 19, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Computational methods identify conserved DNA sequence motifs and protein-binding sites.
    • Combining computational analysis with experiments like chromatin immunoprecipitation aids in understanding gene regulation.
    • A comprehensive mutant analysis is crucial for a complete understanding of gene control regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe strategies for performing a comprehensive mutant analysis of DNA regulatory elements.
    • To compare the insights gained from comprehensive mutant analysis versus phylogenetic analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing computational methods to identify DNA sequence motifs.
    • Performing chromatin immunoprecipitation and other basic experiments.
    • Conducting comprehensive mutant analysis of gene control regions.

    Main Results:

    • Computational methods combined with experiments provide preliminary insights into gene regulation.
    • Comprehensive mutant analysis offers a more complete understanding of regulatory elements compared to phylogenetic analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive mutant analysis is a critical step for advanced functional studies of gene regulation.
    • This approach provides deeper insights into regulatory elements than phylogenetic analysis alone.