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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Tissue Preparation Techniques for Contrast-Enhanced Micro Computed Tomography Imaging of Large Mammalian Cardiac Models with Chronic Disease

Tissue Preparation Techniques for Contrast-Enhanced Micro Computed Tomography Imaging of Large Mammalian Cardiac Models with Chronic Disease

Published on: February 8, 2022

Decoding the cardiac message: the 2011 Thomas W. Smith Memorial Lecture.

Gerald W Dorn¹

¹Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. gdorn@dom.wustl.edu

Circulation Research

|March 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA research is revolutionizing cardiac medicine by revealing new ways messenger RNA (mRNA) is regulated. This review explores microRNAs' role in heart function and disease, impacting cardiovascular research.

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Tissue Preparation Techniques for Contrast-Enhanced Micro Computed Tomography Imaging of Large Mammalian Cardiac Models with Chronic Disease

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A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation

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Published on: March 21, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Cardiology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
Cardiovascular research is increasingly focused on post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Understanding mRNA regulation is fundamental to cardiac physiology and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact of microRNA research on cardiovascular science.
To discuss the discovery and regulatory roles of microRNAs in the heart.
To highlight integrated approaches for studying microRNA-mRNA interactions in cardiac disease.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and current microRNA research.
Discussion of genome-wide techniques for measuring miRNAs, mRNA targets, and protein products.
Integration of next-generation sequencing and global proteomics.

Main Results:

MicroRNA research is reshaping concepts of mRNA regulation in the heart.
MicroRNAs are pivotal regulators of RNA expression and translation.
Integrated approaches can uncover complex microRNA effects in cardiac disease.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs are key players in cardiac gene regulation and function.
Advanced sequencing and proteomics are essential for understanding miRNA-mRNA interactions.
Further research is needed to elucidate the role of miRNA variations in cardiac health and disease.