Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

Overview
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamics of genetic and somatic trade-offs in ageing and mortality.

Nature·2026
Same author

Genetic Modulation of Lifespan: Dynamic Effects, Sex Differences, and Body Weight Trade-offs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Gut metagenomes reveal interactions between dietary restriction, ageing and the microbiome in genetically diverse mice.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same author

BulkLMM: Real-time genome scans for multiple quantitative traits using linear mixed models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Author Correction: Genetic mapping of microbial and host traits reveals production of immunomodulatory lipids by Akkermansia muciniphila in the murine gut.

Nature microbiology·2023
Same author

Genetic mapping of microbial and host traits reveals production of immunomodulatory lipids by Akkermansia muciniphila in the murine gut.

Nature microbiology·2023
Same journal

Direct link between convergent evolution at sequence level and phenotypic level of septal pore cap in Agaricomycotina.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

Experimental evolution reveals bifunctional genetic solutions to loss of trpF in Salmonella enterica.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

Spargel/dPGC-1 influences cell growth through the E2F1-mediated endocycle pathway.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

Loss of ptr-6 restores eggshell integrity and embryonic viability in C. elegans fatty acid synthase mutants.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

A pcyt-1 Allelic Series Reveals In Vivo Consequences of Reduced Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in C. elegans.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

Copy Number Variation: A Substrate for Plant Adaptation and Stress Response in Arabidopsis.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Haplotype probabilities in advanced intercross populations.

Karl W Broman1

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|March 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced intercross populations enhance genetic mapping precision through accumulated recombination events. This study derives haplotype probabilities crucial for computational models and analyzes map expansion in these advanced genetic designs.

Keywords:
Collaborative CrossMouse Genetic Resourceadvanced intercross linesdiversity outcrossheterogeneous stockmap expansion

More Related Videos

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
13:33

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
13:33

Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications

Published on: November 19, 2013

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and genomics
  • Population genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Advanced intercross populations (AIPs) involve random mating of multiple inbred strains over many generations.
  • These populations accumulate recombination events, offering higher precision for genetic mapping compared to traditional methods.
  • Related designs like heterogeneous stock (HS) and diversity outbred (DO) populations share similar advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive two-locus haplotype probabilities for autosomal and X chromosomes in advanced intercross populations.
  • To establish foundational quantities for developing hidden Markov models (HMMs) to handle missing genotype data.
  • To derive map expansion, quantifying recombination breakpoint frequency in these populations.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical derivation of two-locus haplotype probabilities.
  • Application of derived probabilities to autosome and X chromosome.
  • Derivation of map expansion formula for advanced intercross populations.

Main Results:

  • Formulas for two-locus haplotype probabilities were successfully derived for AIPs, HS, and DO populations.
  • These probabilities are identified as key components for building HMMs to impute missing genotype data.
  • Map expansion was derived, providing a measure of recombination frequency across the genome in these designs.

Conclusions:

  • The derived haplotype probabilities are essential for advanced genetic mapping and computational analysis in populations like AIPs.
  • This work facilitates the development of more robust methods for handling missing genotype data in complex populations.
  • Understanding map expansion is critical for accurate genetic analysis and QTL mapping in these designs.