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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees

Published on: December 27, 2017

[Potential errors in measuring tree transpiration based on thermal dissipation method].

Qing-Xin Liu¹, Ping Meng, Jin-Song Zhang

¹Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. liuqingxin666@163.com

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the Journal of Applied Ecology

|March 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Thermal dissipation is an optimal method for measuring tree transpiration, but potential errors exist. This review analyzes these errors and proposes solutions for accurate sap flux density measurements.

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A Rapid Laser Probing Method Facilitates the Non-invasive and Contact-free Determination of Leaf Thermal Properties

A Rapid Laser Probing Method Facilitates the Non-invasive and Contact-free Determination of Leaf Thermal Properties

Published on: January 7, 2017

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Published on: December 31, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees

The Calibration and Use of Capacitance Sensors to Monitor Stem Water Content in Trees

Published on: December 27, 2017

A Rapid Laser Probing Method Facilitates the Non-invasive and Contact-free Determination of Leaf Thermal Properties

A Rapid Laser Probing Method Facilitates the Non-invasive and Contact-free Determination of Leaf Thermal Properties

Published on: January 7, 2017

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method (EFM)

Published on: December 31, 2012

Area of Science:

Plant physiological ecology
Hydrology
Forestry science

Context:

Transpiration is a key component of vegetation evapotranspiration.
Accurate measurement of tree transpiration is crucial for understanding water use.
Thermal dissipation is a widely adopted method for sap flux density estimation.

Purpose:

To review potential errors in the thermal dissipation method for measuring sap flux density.
To analyze errors in temperature difference determination from single-tree to stand-scale.
To discuss research prospects and propose solutions for thermal dissipation method errors in China.

Summary:

The thermal dissipation method is effective for measuring individual tree transpiration and stand-scale water consumption.
Potential errors in sap flux density measurements and temperature difference determination were identified.
This paper reviews these errors, discusses future research directions in China, and offers solutions.

Impact:

Enhances the accuracy of transpiration measurements in ecological and hydrological studies.
Provides a foundation for improving water resource management in forest ecosystems.
Contributes to more reliable data for climate change impact assessments on vegetation water use.