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Updated: May 24, 2026

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
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Published on: February 12, 2015

Genetic influences on developmental smoking trajectories.

Christina N Lessov-Schlaggar1, Sean D Kristjansson, Kathleen K Bucholz

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. schlaggc@psychiatry.wustl.edu

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Smoking patterns in adolescence are highly heritable, with genetic factors significantly influencing trajectory membership. Environmental factors play a minimal role in shaping these smoking behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychiatric Epidemiology

Background:

  • Smoking initiation and progression are complex behaviors influenced by multiple factors.
  • Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental influences is crucial for developing effective smoking cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the heritability of different smoking trajectories.
  • To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to smoking behavior patterns.
  • To test if smoking trajectories represent thresholds of increasing genetic liability.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of female like-sex twin pairs.
  • Diagnostic interviews conducted from adolescence (age 16) to young adulthood (age 25).
  • Analysis of cigarette consumption data to identify distinct smoking trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Four smoking trajectories were identified: low, moderate, high, and increasing smokers.
  • A three-category genetic model best fit the data, comprising low, combined increasing/moderate, and high trajectories.
  • Smoking trajectory categorization was highly heritable (72.7%), with no significant shared environmental influence.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent smoking patterns exhibit substantial heritability.
  • Genetic factors are the primary drivers of individual differences in smoking trajectories.
  • These findings suggest a genetic liability dimension underlying smoking behavior development.