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Silicon nanopillars for field-enhanced surface spectroscopy.

Sabrina M Wells1, Igor A Merkulov, Ivan I Kravchenko

  • 1University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States.

ACS Nano
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
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Silicon nanopillars enhance optical fields for Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence, offering significant advantages over plasmonic systems. These structures provide substantial field enhancements in larger volumes, enabling highly sensitive assays and applications in photovoltaics and nanophotonics.

Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Silicon nanowire and nanopillar structures exhibit unique optical properties attracting significant research interest.
  • Existing plasmonic systems offer field enhancement but are limited by small probe volumes and fluorescence quenching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reproducibly fabricate silicon nanopillars of controlled dimensions using electron beam lithography and reactive-ion etching.
  • To investigate and quantify the optical field enhancement capabilities of silicon nanopillars for spectroscopic and fluorescence applications.
  • To compare the performance of silicon nanopillars with traditional plasmonic enhancement structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silicon nanopillars with varying sizes, shapes, and heights using electron beam lithography and reactive-ion etching.

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  • Finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis to predict local field intensity enhancements.
  • Experimental validation using Raman spectroscopy of silicon phonon lines and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • FDTD simulations predicted local field intensity enhancements of approximately two orders of magnitude for silicon nanopillars.
    • Experimental Raman spectroscopy confirmed predicted local field enhancements.
    • Zn phthalocyanine coated nanopillars yielded enhancement factors (EFs) greater than two orders of magnitude.
    • Silicon nanopillars demonstrated SEF capabilities comparable or superior to plasmonic structures, without metal-related limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • Silicon nanopillars serve as effective resonators for enhancing optical fields in larger volumes compared to plasmonic systems.
    • The demonstrated SEF capability of silicon nanopillars enables highly sensitive assays.
    • Silicon nanopillars hold promise for applications in photovoltaics, subwavelength light focusing, and fundamental nanophotonics.