Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...

Overview of Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Novel Prototype Biosensor Array Electrode System for Detecting the Bacterial Pathogen <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>.

Biosensors·2022

Same author

Bio-Fabrication of Human Amniotic Membrane Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Wet/Dry HAM Dressing Membrane for Wound Healing.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2021

Same author

When day meets night: Subsiding calcium signalling translates daylight into new neurones.

Cell calcium·2021

Same author

Transplantation of Neural Precursors Derived from Induced Pluripotent Cells Preserve Perineuronal Nets and Stimulate Neural Plasticity in ALS Rats.

International journal of molecular sciences·2020

Same author

Persistent Na<sup>+</sup> influx drives L-type channel resting Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry in rat melanotrophs.

Cell calcium·2019

Same author

Vasopressin and oxytocin in sensory neurones: expression, exocytotic release and regulation by lactation.

Scientific reports·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Published on: February 18, 2020

Neuroendocrine signalling: natural variations on a Ca2+ theme.

Emil C Toescu, Govindan Dayanithi

|March 6, 2012

Summary

Neuroendocrine cells utilize calcium (Ca2+) signaling for secretion, demonstrating unity in function. Diversity arises from varied mechanisms controlling Ca2+ levels and cross-talk with other signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

Neuroendocrinology
Cellular Physiology
Molecular Signaling

Background:

Neuroendocrine cells are excitable cells that use Ca2+ as a key messenger.
Ca2+ influx and intracellular release are crucial for coupling stimulation to secretion via exocytosis.

Discussion:

The "diversity in unity" of endocrine signaling is explored through Ca2+ signaling mechanisms.
Variations in cytosolic Ca2+ signal generation contribute to functional diversity among neuroendocrine cells.
The interplay between plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ stores is a central theme.

Key Insights:

Ca2+ acts as a universal informational molecule in neuroendocrine secretion.
Diverse strategies for modulating intracellular Ca2+ levels exist.

More Related Videos

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators

Dissection of Local Ca²⁺ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca²⁺ Indicators

Published on: March 22, 2019

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Published on: March 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis

Published on: February 18, 2020

Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators

Dissection of Local Ca²⁺ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca²⁺ Indicators

Published on: March 22, 2019

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Published on: March 17, 2023

Cross-talk between Ca2+ and cyclic AMP signaling pathways influences neuroendocrine function.

Outlook:

Further research into the complex Ca2+ signaling networks is warranted.
Understanding these pathways can lead to novel therapeutic targets.
This special issue provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge.