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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Anaphylactic shock due to kiwifruit.

Tao Zhu¹, Daoyang Zhou, Qiang Shu

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

|March 6, 2012

Summary

Severe anaphylaxis from kiwifruit can be challenging to treat. Self-induced vomiting aided recovery in a patient with oral allergy syndrome, suggesting allergen removal as a potential intervention.

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) involves localized allergic reactions in the mouth and throat due to cross-reactivity with pollens.
Kiwifruit and dragon fruit allergies are rarely reported, making diagnosis and management challenging.

Observation:

A 44-year-old male presented with severe anaphylaxis, including urticaria and dyspnea, one hour after consuming kiwifruit.
Initial treatment with intravenous antianaphylaxis drugs provided only partial relief, with persistent chest distress and vital sign exacerbation.
The patient's condition improved significantly after self-induced vomiting, suggesting residual allergen in the stomach.

Findings:

This case highlights a potential severe anaphylactic reaction to kiwifruit, a rare allergen.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Self-induced vomiting was an effective intervention for removing residual allergen, leading to clinical improvement.

Prolonged allergen exposure in oral allergy syndrome can be overlooked in emergency settings.

Implications:

Clinicians should consider allergen removal methods like self-induced vomiting or gastric lavage in cases of severe food-induced anaphylaxis, especially with OAS.
Further research is needed to understand the prevalence and mechanisms of kiwifruit and dragon fruit allergies.
Early recognition of prolonged allergen exposure is crucial for effective management of anaphylaxis in patients with OAS.