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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Circulating MicroRNA in inflammatory bowel disease.

Archanioti Paraskevi1, George Theodoropoulos, Ioannis Papaconstantinou

  • 1Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Journal of Crohn'S & Colitis
|March 6, 2012
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Summary

This study found specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are elevated in the blood of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These miRNA expression patterns may help differentiate between CD and UC, aiding in diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Investigated miRNA expression patterns in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • Focused on peripheral blood samples from IBD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns of commonly deregulated miRNAs in CD and UC.
  • To identify potential non-invasive biomarkers for distinguishing between CD and UC.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative assay of miRNA species expression using reverse transcription and real-time RT-PCR.
  • Synthesis of stem-loop complementary DNAs (cDNAs) using specific primers.
  • Study included 128 CD patients, 88 UC patients, and 162 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Elevated levels of specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-16, miR-23a, miR-199a-5p) were observed in CD patients compared to healthy controls.
  • Increased expression of certain miRNAs (e.g., miR-16, miR-155) was noted in UC patients versus healthy controls.
  • miR-155 showed the highest expression among UC-associated miRNAs in blood samples.

Conclusions:

  • Several miRNAs can distinguish between CD and UC using real-time PCR.
  • These findings support the role of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis.
  • miRNAs show potential as non-invasive biomarkers for differentiating UC and CD.