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Updated: May 24, 2026

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes
12:47

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Published on: May 14, 2012

The development of LTi cells.

Marie Cherrier1, Gérard Eberl

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Lymphoid Tissue Development Unit, Paris 75724, France.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells develop fetal lymphoid organs in mammals. Their programming via RORγt enabled pre-birth organogenesis, unlike in other vertebrates.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are crucial for fetal development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches.
  • LTi cells share characteristics with Th17 cells, including a pro-inflammatory profile and dependence on the transcription factor RORγt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on LTi cell development, both in fetal and postnatal stages.
  • To explore the connection between LTi cells and the broader group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).
  • To propose a mechanism for the evolution of pre-natal lymphoid organogenesis in mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on LTi cell biology.
  • Comparative analysis of lymphoid organ development across different vertebrate species.

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  • Discussion of the role of transcription factor RORγt in immune cell differentiation.

    • Main Results:

    • LTi cells are essential for initiating the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during mammalian fetal development.
    • The expression of RORγt in specific common lymphoid progenitors is implicated in enabling early lymphoid organ development in mammals.
    • Mammalian pre-natal lymphoid organogenesis contrasts with the infection/injury-induced development in other vertebrates.

    Conclusions:

    • The reprogramming of RORγt in early lymphoid progenitors was a key evolutionary step for mammals, allowing for the development of intrinsic lymphoid structures before birth.
    • Understanding LTi cell development and their relationship with ILCs provides insights into immune system evolution and function.
    • This developmental pathway highlights a significant divergence in immune system organization between mammals and other vertebrates.