Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Chromosome Replication

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Editorial Expression of Concern: Direct targeting of Sec23a by miR-200s influences cancer cell secretome and promotes metastatic colonization.

Nature medicine·2026

Same author

Defining the heterogeneous molecular landscape of lung cancer cell responses to epigenetic inhibition.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Nuclear N-Glycosylation Redefines the Glycoscape and Directs Cell Identity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

DNASE1L3 surveils mitochondrial DNA on the surface of distinct mammalian cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

A Conversation with Autumn York.

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Histone H3 lysine 56 methylation regulates DNA replication through its interaction with PCNA.

Yongxin Yu¹, Chunying Song, Qiongyi Zhang

¹Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

|March 6, 2012

Summary

Histone H3 lysine 56 monomethylation (H3K56me1) is identified in mammalian cells. This modification, regulated by G9a, is crucial for DNA replication and acts as a docking site for PCNA.

More Related Videos

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Area of Science:

Epigenetics and molecular biology
Chromatin structure and function
Cell cycle regulation

Background:

Histone modifications regulate DNA processes.
Histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) acetylation in yeast marks newly synthesized histones.
H3K56 is located in the nucleosomal core domain.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the presence of H3K56 monomethylation (H3K56me1) in mammalian cells.
To identify the enzyme responsible for H3K56me1.
To investigate the role of H3K56me1 in DNA replication and cell cycle.

Main Methods:

In vivo and in vitro assays to detect H3K56me1.
Enzyme assays using histone lysine methyltransferase G9a/KMT1C.
Analysis of DNA replication in cells with disrupted G9a or H3K56.
In vitro binding assays with PCNA.

Main Results:

H3K56me1 is present in mammalian cells.
G9a/KMT1C is required for H3K56me1.
Disruption of G9a or H3K56 impairs DNA replication.
H3K56me1 directly binds to PCNA in vitro and associates with it in G1 phase.

Conclusions:

H3K56me1 is a novel histone modification in mammals.
G9a is the key enzyme for H3K56me1.
H3K56me1 plays a role in DNA replication by recruiting PCNA.