In vitro hemodynamics and valve imaging in passive beating hearts

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cardiovascular Research
• Surgical Simulation

Background:

• Surgical repair of heart valves is complex and can benefit from advanced training and research tools.
• In vitro testing is most effective when preserving all anatomical structures of the valvular complex.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel in vitro simulator for hemodynamic analysis of simulated surgical procedures on heart valves.
• To enable imaging of valvular structures during simulated surgical interventions.
• To provide a platform for testing minimally-invasive cardiovascular devices and surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

• Developed a mock apparatus housing an entire explanted porcine heart under pulsatile fluid-dynamic conditions.
• Utilized a computer-controlled pulse duplicator to pressurize the left ventricle and a hydraulic circuit for systemic circulation impedance.
• Integrated endoscopic imaging access points in the left ventricle apex and aortic root.

Main Results:

• Achieved experimental pressure and flow tracings comparable to in vivo curves.
• Obtained a mean flow of 3.5±0.1 L/min and mean arterial pressure of 101±2 mmHg.
• Generated high-quality echographic and endoscopic video recordings, demonstrating system's potential for observing cardiac dynamics.

Conclusions:

• The developed mock loop is a suitable in vitro system for evaluating surgical procedures and devices for heart valve repair.
• This system offers excellent potential for observing cardiac structure dynamics during simulated interventions.
• Facilitates research and training for improved clinical results in heart valve surgery.