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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

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Published on: June 26, 2013

Schizophrenia, neuroimaging and connectomics.

Alex Fornito¹, Andrew Zalesky, Christos Pantelis

¹Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia. fornitoa@unimelb.edu.au

|March 6, 2012

Summary

Schizophrenia disrupts brain connectivity, showing widespread functional deficits and altered network topology. These connectomic disturbances offer insights into the disorder's distributed neural abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Imaging

Background:

Schizophrenia is increasingly viewed as a disorder of brain connectivity.
Neuroimaging research over two decades has established structural and functional connectivity abnormalities.
Mapping the human connectome advances understanding of schizophrenia's network effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of imaging connectomics and graph theory to schizophrenia research.
To highlight key methodological issues in the field.
To synthesize findings on brain network disturbances in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
Application of graph theoretic methods to neuroimaging data.
Mapping inter-regional interactions to create brain network maps.

Main Results:

Schizophrenia exhibits widespread, context-independent functional connectivity deficits.
Transient hyper- and hypo-connectivity states are superimposed on baseline deficits.
Network topology shows reduced local connectivity, modularity, and increased global integration.
Some functional abnormalities have an anatomical basis, but the relationship is complex.

Conclusions:

Imaging connectomics provides detailed mapping of brain network disturbances in schizophrenia.
Findings reveal the distributed nature of neural abnormalities in the disorder.
Connectomic alterations offer insights into potential functional consequences in schizophrenia.