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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
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Published on: July 27, 2022

Substituted hydroxyapatites for bone repair.

Jennifer H Shepherd1, David V Shepherd, Serena M Best

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, New Museum's Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. jennyh.shepherd@gmail.com

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substituted calcium phosphates, like hydroxyapatite, show altered physical and biological properties. These modifications enhance their use in bone grafts and implant coatings, improving bone regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Calcium phosphates, particularly hydroxyapatite, are vital in bone grafts and implant coatings due to their bone-like mineral composition.
  • Chemical modifications through substitutions are explored to better mimic bone chemistry.
  • Substituted apatites offer tailored properties for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the effects of various substitutions on the physical and biological characteristics of calcium phosphates.
  • To highlight the impact of cationic and anionic substitutions on apatite properties.
  • To review how substitutions influence material performance in bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of research on substituted apatites, focusing on magnesium, zinc, strontium, silicon, and carbonate.
  • Analysis of the effects of substitutions on thermal stability and solubility.
  • Evaluation of in vitro (osteoclastic and osteoblastic response) and in vivo (degradation and bone regeneration) outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Even minor substitutions significantly alter thermal stability and solubility.
  • Substitutions impact cellular responses, including osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.
  • Modified apatites demonstrate altered degradation rates and improved bone regeneration in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Substituted apatites offer tunable properties for enhanced biomedical applications.
  • Careful selection of substitutions can optimize material performance for bone tissue engineering.
  • Further research into substituted apatites holds promise for advanced orthopedic treatments.