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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

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Preoperative rectal cancer staging with phased-array MR.

Sabina Giusti1, Piero Buccianti, Maura Castagna

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100-Pisa, Italy. s.giusti@med.unipi.it

Radiation Oncology (London, England)
|March 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately stages rectal cancer, particularly the mesorectal fascia (MRF). This technique is ideal for preoperative staging, showing high agreement with histopathology for tumor and nodal staging.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Retrospective review of 96 rectal cancer patients' MR images.
  • Evaluation of tumor stage (T stage), mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement, and nodal metastasis (N stage).
  • Histopathology served as the gold standard for comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in staging rectal cancer.
  • To evaluate MR imaging's effectiveness in determining T stage, MRF involvement, and N stage.
  • To compare MR imaging findings with histopathology results.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 1.5-T MR system with a phased-array coil.
  • Subdivided patients into two groups: pre-surgical (T1-T3, N0, M0) and pre/post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (Tx N1 M0, T3-T4 Nx M0).

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  • Performed MR imaging before treatment and for re-staging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall agreement between MR imaging and histopathology was 81% for T and N stage prediction.
    • T stage prediction accuracy was 95% for the pre-surgical group and 75% for the neoadjuvant chemoradiation group.
    • Preoperative MR imaging demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for predicting MRF involvement, even after chemoradiation (100% sensitivity, 67% specificity).

    Conclusions:

    • Phased-array MRI is highly effective for local preoperative rectal cancer staging.
    • MRI clearly visualizes the mesorectal fat and surrounding pelvic structures.
    • The technique is considered ideal for accurate local staging of rectal cancer prior to surgery.